Making Uniforms Mandatory for High Schools Essay -- School Uniforms Dr

Making Uniforms Mandatory for High Schools School outfits in secondary schools are getting progressively mainstream across Canada. Actually, most educational committees are certain towards making outfits compulsory. Regalia at secondary schools ought to be compulsory. Could regalia truly have any kind of effect in a student’s scholarly execution? Obviously, they can. Above all else, outfits make an environment of uniformity at school. At the point when worn by all understudies, regalia diminish the hole between the rich and poor people and consequently, advance correspondence. In addition, without outfits, the wealthier understudies will in general look down and evade the more unfortunate understudies as it allows them to parade their riches. For example, different understudies mock at an understudy who doesn't stay aware of the most popular trend, since he/she can't manage the cost of it. Be that as it may, presentation of regalia disposes of this issue since all the understudies wear a similar garments to class and nobody has motivation to deride at the less fortunate understudies. Thus, fairness and opportunity are built up in the schools. Decrease in monetary contrasts, because of wearing outfits, makes a domain of fairness at secondary schools. Notwithstanding advancing fairness, outfits likewise decline the viciousness levels at secondary schools and improve discipline. School outfits assume a significant job in decreasing conceivably perilous fights among understudies. Numerous clueless and powerless understudies unwittingly wear posse shaded or pack associated garments to class. Mama...

My Kind Of Party

My Kind Of Party So typically when people hear the words fraternity party, they think wild and crazy kids in togas. If by togas you mean suits and ties, then youre correct. So this past weekend, my fraternity hosted a party, a soiree if you will. I think the only crazy part of this party might have been my choice in shirt and tie combination. Basically, each semester, our chef, Karen, who is a trained pastry chef, makes some of the most delectable desserts on this side of the country including chocolate mousse, flan, and chocolate-covered strawberries. So typically, we just invite our friends over to our house to enjoy some dessert, smooth jazz, and karaoke as the night goes on. Most people dress to impress although halfway through the night, I was tempted to switch from dress shoes to flip-flops. This night was extra-nice because prior to the actual event we had a little mixer with our awesome rush helpers who helped us throughout rush week to get out 14 NEW BROTHERS (note the excitement). Anyhoo, for those of you who cant imagine what some of the best desserts on this side of the country might look like or how far I went to stick out on this evening, here are some pictures from the night: I think you know these two. Team ChemE Some of the most awesome people EVER (pictured from left to right: Yonas, Elyse, Mitra, Christi, Bryan, Sam) Check back tomorrow. Same Bat Time, Same Bat Channel.

Juvenile Prison Is the Best Way of Reforming Essay

The Juvenile System has been around for a long time. The primary reason behind separating Juvenile from adult criminals is quite simple; the judicial system believes that the children are less culpable for their irresponsive behavior and they could easily be reformed as compared to adult offenders. The crucial role of the judicial system is to critically investigate, diagnose, and recommend treatments for the Juveniles rather than accrediting them. However, because of the increasing number of juvenile arrest for crimes committed by persons considered as a child, the attention that the given to a crime involving juveniles, the decreasing trust to the juvenile system itself and the lauder roar of the society for a safer place to live in,†¦show more content†¦For example, in 1996 the legislature in the state of Missouri lowered the minimum age for transfer from fourteen to twelve (Zierdt, 1999, p.419). States in favor of this kind of shift justify the transfer because chronic juvenile offenders in rehabilitation centers will likely disrupt the reformation of other juvenile offenders as they are considered as a bad influence on them. It is thus, considered that in not transferring the juveniles in adult prisons, these chronic juvenile offenders disrupts the growth and development of other teens undergoing rehabilitation. On the other hand, the advocates of the juvenile system believe that because children are not fully mentally or physically developed, they are not therefore accountable for their actions in the same way as adults (Ainsworth, 1995, p.932-933). Juvenile criminality for them is â€Å"youthful illness† brought about by external forces like environment or impoverished living conditions. Donna Bishop, an advocate of the juvenile justice system, encourages states to give these juveniles â€Å"room to reform.† She believes that a policy that is designed to discard youth in the middle of the transition to adulthood is uncharacteristic of a fair government (Bishop, 2000, p. 159). Supporters of this kind of reform program for juveniles are not amenable to the transfer to adult courtShow MoreRelatedRehabilitation Is The Best Punishment For Juvenile Crime900 Words   |  4 PagesWhen it comes to juvenile crime, there is a concern for the offender, the innocent, and accountability f or their actions. The major three values for the philosophical justification for punishing juvenile crime is†¦retribution, deterrence, and rehabilitation also known as correction in the juvenile court system. There is no doubt that if a crime is committed, the offender should and shall be punished. The doubt come in when the offender(s) are under the age of eighteen which is the majority for mostRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency Is A Problem1508 Words   |  7 PagesJuvenile Delinquency When looking into the history of United States and elsewhere juvenile delinquency is a problem and has been one for over a century. Like other systems in place, the system involving juvenile delinquents has gone through many stages. In the case of the juvenile delinquency, it has gone through four stages, with us presently in the fourth. The causes behind juvenile delinquency are still unknown even today. Some blame it on the current culture, the over-exposure to violenceRead MoreThe Current Juvenile Justice System918 Words   |  4 PagesThe current juvenile justice system â€Å"has shifted away from protecting and reforming children to protecting society from young people prematurely deemed incapable of rehabilitation† (Aron Hurley, 1998). Juvenile justice is a social issue that I feel strongly toward. I do not agree that sentencing adolescents to serve time in adult correctional facilities is a reasonable solution to alter behavior, especially for non-violent offender s. However, â€Å"for each of the past five years, roughly 100,000Read MoreJuvenile Detention : A Second Chance Towards Life1425 Words   |  6 PagesSeptember 2014 Juvenile Detention, a second chance towards life The juvenile court established in Chicago in 1899 defines a juvenile as a youth who is not old enough to be held responsible for his crimes. Every state has a standard threshold for age, which classifies the person as an adult or minor. Accordingly, they are prosecuted in the adult or juvenile courts as per their age. United States have experienced an increase in its crime rate in the last few decades. The number of juvenile crimes has increasedRead MoreHow Taxpayers Are The Funders For Public Facilities Such As Corrections874 Words   |  4 PagesTaxpayers are the funders for public facilities such as corrections. Jail and prisons are funded through tax dollars and therefore have interest when dealing with these programs. Research done by New Mexico Corrections Department found that Ninety-five percent of offenders incarcerated would be released back into the community. A more staggering statistic is that fifty percent of the offenders will return to prion within five years (NMlegi s). This display a breakdown through our criminal system whereRead MoreJuvenile Courts Essay2414 Words   |  10 PagesThere is ongoing debate as to what should be done with juvenile courts. Should juvenile courts be abolished or just reformed? There are a number of reasons offered for each viewpoint, and the ultimate goal is trying to figure out which option would be most beneficial for juveniles. Juvenile delinquency is a continuous problem in the United States. It is also considered an issue that all of society needs to take part in trying to solve or at least diminish. Despite the number of social controlsRead MoreThe Incarceration Rate Of The United States1543 Words   |  7 Pages† However, under the current criminal justice system, more and more people lose their liberties because of the crimes they have committed. According to Roy Walmsley, a consultant of the United Nations and Associate of the International Center for prison studies, â€Å"In October 2013, th e incarceration rate of the United States of America was the highest in the world, at 716 per 100,000 of the national population. While the United States represent about 4.4 percent of the world s population, it housesRead MoreEssay about History of the Juvenile Justice System2644 Words   |  11 Pageshistory of the juvenile justice system and how it has come to be what it is today. When a juvenile offender commits a crime and is sentenced to jail or reform school, the offender goes to a separate jail or reforming place than an adult. It hasn’t always been this way. Until the early 1800’s juveniles were tried just like everyone else. Today, that is not the case. This paper will explain the reforms that have taken place within the criminal justice system that developed the juvenile justice systemRead MoreThe Juvenile Community Corrections Population Is Experienced A Tremendous Growth Over The Past Two Decades1771 Words   |  8 PagesThe juvenile community correction s population has experienced a tremendous growth over the past two decades. In cities like Miami FL, in places like Liberty city â€Å"pork and Beans† the volume of adjudicated youths ordered to formal probation increased by 67% (Puzzanchera, Adams, Sickmund, 2011). Juvenile crime has been rising, according to Miami, Florida police, they state that young people are becoming the targets more than before. This growth has had serious inferences for juvenile probation officersRead MoreEssay on Kentucky Department of Juvenile Justice1997 Words   |  8 PagesOffice of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention found that high numbers of detention orders were being issued for status youth statewide. The main issue of concern was the valid court order exception to the DSO core requirement was used 2,000 times. This allowed judges to order non-delinquent youth in locked detention facility whose most serious violations involved repeat offenses of running away, skipping school or b eing rebelling against authority figures. The disturbing thing about this

Magnetic Reversal of the Earths Poles

In the 1950s, ocean-going research vessels recorded puzzling data based on the magnetism of the ocean floor. It was determined that the rock of the ocean floor had bands of embedded iron oxides that alternately pointed toward geographic north and geographic south. This  was not the first time such confusing evidence had been found. In the early 20th century, geologists had found some volcanic rock was magnetized in a manner opposite to what was expected. But it was the extensive 1950s data that prompted a widespread  investigation, and by 1963 a theory of the reversal of the earths magnetic field was proposed.  It has been a fundamental of earth science ever since. How the Earths Magnetic Field Is Created The earths magnetism is thought to be created by slow movements in the liquid outer core of the planet, which consists largely of iron, caused by the rotation of the earth. Much the way  the rotation of a generator coil creates a magnetic field, the rotation of the liquid outer core of the earth generates a weak electromagnetic field. This magnetic field extends out into space and serves to deflect solar wind from the sun. The generation of the earths magnetic field is a continuous but variable process. There is a frequent change in the intensity of the magnetic field, and the precise location of the magnetic poles can drift. True magnetic north does not always correspond to the geographic North Pole. It also can cause the complete reversal of the earths entire magnetic field polarity. How We Can Measure Magnetic Field Changes Liquid lava, which hardens into rock, contains grains of iron oxides that react to the earths magnetic field by pointing toward the magnetic pole as the rock solidifies. Thus, these grains are permanent records of the location of the earths magnetic field at the time the rock forms. As new crust is created on the ocean floor, the new crust solidifies with its iron oxide particles acting like miniature compass needles, pointing to wherever magnetic north is at the time. Scientists studying the lava samples from the bottom of the ocean could see that the iron oxide particles were pointing in unexpected directions, but to understand what this meant, they needed to know when the rocks formed, and where they were located at the time they solidified out of liquid lava.   The method of dating rock through radiometric analysis has been available since the early 20th century, so it was an easy enough matter to find the age of the rock samples found on the ocean floor.   However, it was also known that the ocean floor moves and spreads over time, and it was not until 1963 that rock aging information was combined with information about how the ocean floor spreads to produce a definitive understanding of where those iron oxide particles were pointing at the time the lava solidified into rock.   Extensive analysis now shows that the earths magnetic field has reversed about 170 times over the last 100 million years. Scientists continue to evaluate data, and there is much disagreement over how long these periods of magnetic polarity last and whether the reversals happen at predictable intervals or are irregular and unexpected. What are the Causes and Effects? Scientists do not really know what causes the reversals of the magnetic field, although they have duplicated the phenomenon in laboratory experiments with molten metals, which also will spontaneously change the direction of their magnetic fields. Some theorists believe that magnetic field reversals may be caused by tangible events, such as tectonic plate collisions or impacts from large meteors or asteroids, but this theory is discounted by others. It is known that leading up to a magnetic reversal, the strength of the field declines, and since the strength of our current magnetic field is now in steady decline, some scientists believe we will see another magnetic reversal in about 2,000 years.   If, as some scientists suggest, there is a period during which there is no magnetic field at all before the reversal occurs, the effect on the planet is not well understood. Some theorists suggest that having no magnetic field will open the earths surface to dangerous solar radiation that potentially might lead to global extinction of life. However, there is currently no statistical correlation that can be pointed to in the fossil record to verify this. The last reversal occurred about 780,000 years ago, and there is no evidence to show that there were mass species extinctions at that time. Other scientists argue that the magnetic field does not vanish during reversals, but merely grows weaker for a time. Although we have at least  2,000 years to wonder about it, if a reversal were to occur today, one obvious effect would be mass disruption to communications systems. Much the way solar storms can affect satellite and radio signals, a magnetic field reversal would have the same effect, though to a much more pronounced degree.

Cafs Half Yearly Notes Free Essays

CAFS HALF YEARLY NOTES * Parenting Caring Becoming Parents and Carers: Parenting: The process of raising and nurturing children in a family Caring: The process of looking after the needs and wellbeing of another person due to their age, illness and/or disability Biological parents: The parent who has provided the genetic material, either sperm or ovum, to create a foetus. Pregnancy Planned Pregnancy: Planned pregnancies involve a strategic choice on when to parent * There are physical, emotional and economic impacts that result form this decision * A planned pregnancy is generally better for both the parents and child Unplanned Pregnancy: * May result from poor knowledge about contraception or the fertility cycle or failure with contraception methods * Become pregnant due to a consequence of tragic circumstances such as rape Assisted reproductive technologies: * In-vitro fertilisation (IVF) and gamete intra-fallopian transfer (GIFT) are examples of assisted reproductive technologies . This means assistance in terms of expertise and technology is used to aid conception. We will write a custom essay sample on Cafs Half Yearly Notes or any similar topic only for you Order Now Social Parents: Many individuals have parenting responsibilities towards a child with whom they do not share a genetic relationship. Adoption: * Adoption is the process by which legal responsibility of parenting of a child is given to a family or parent other than the biological parent. There are 3 types of adoption: 1. The child is already placed with prospective parents, such as a step-parent 2. Local adoption overseas adoption . Adoption of a child with special needs Legal Implications: * Adoption Act 2000 (NSW) Family Law Act 1975 (Commonwealth) * All legal rights and responsibilities are transferred from the birth parents to the adoptive parents * The change in parenting is permanent, so the birth parent loses all rights to the child. They may maintain the right to information and contact * The adoptive parents must be either married or in a de-facto relationship; or the step-parent must have lived with the child for 2 years or more Social Implications: * Society’s changing attitudes has resulted in fewer adoptions, due to greater acceptance of single mothers the use of the contraceptive pill * Decision of telling the child that he or she is adopted can be distressing to adoptive parents * The child must overcome feelings of rejection by birth parents * Adoptive child verses the biological child acceptance if the parents have other children Fostering: Fostering provides an alternative living arrangement for children whose parents are temporarily unable to care for them in their family * The caregivers are volunteers who are paid a fortnightly allowance to help them meet the needs of the child * Foster care can range from a few days to a few years and includes: * Temporary care, * Respite care * Pre-adoptive foster care * Long term care * A child must be put into foster care if: * They are considered to be at risk of harm Their basic physical and emotional needs are not being met * There may be risk of ab use or exposure to domestic violence Legal Implications: * Foster care is regulated by legislation, such as Children and Young Persons (Care and Protection) Act 1998 (NSW) * Any person fostering children who is not related to them must have a licence to foster. In NSW a license is issued by the Department of Community Services about various parenting issues * The foster carer make medical decisions or take legal proceedings on behalf of the child Social Implications: Carers must encourage contact with the young persons birth family and accept that he or she will most likely return to their birth family * 30% of foster children have been abused in their biological family * Problems between biological family and the foster child may force the foster family to take a restraining order Step Parenting: * When a man or woman married or forms a de-facto relationship with a partner, who has a child or children from previous relationships, they become a step-parent * New family members need to be accepted, roles and responsibilities must be shared Legal Implications: A step parent has no legal responsibility towards the child * A step-parent who has acted as parent to a child for a long time, and who is now being divorced from the biological parent, may have visitation rights if judge decides that is best for the child’s interests * If a child is adopted by a step parent, rights and inheritance from biological parents are lost Social Implications: Community perception often holds that an intact original nuclear family is superior to any variety of blended family; a stepfamily may be seen as ‘deficient’ form of a nuclear family * Conflict can occur between the child and step parent, primary relationships and responsibilities become a blur * Partners may have different visions of family life and parenting styles that may need to be discussed * Poor relationships with step parents are recognised as a significant factor in causing young people to leave home, with unresolved family issues Surrogacy: * An arrangement made between a couple who cannot have a baby and a woman who gets pregnant on the couples behalf. The child is handed to the couple after delivery * A woman may need a surrogate If she is: * Infertile * Suffers from a serious medical condition * Uncontrollable diabetes * Cardiomyopathy * Moderate renal failure Surrogacy often means IVF treatment as the surrogate mother may use donor ova or sperm or the partners own egg sperm * The infertile couple must apply to adopt the child to be listed on the birth certificate as the child’s legal parents * The court must get consent from the surrogate mother to give up parental rights Legal Implications: * Surrogacy is legally a ‘grey’ area in NSW, it is neither prohibited or encouraged * Very specific criteria needs to be established for both parties based on a honour agreement that is not legally binding * Payment cannot be made Social Implications: * The surrogate mother may have an ongoing attachment to the baby after giving birth * If the surrogate mother goes back on the agreement, there may be great disappointment between the parties * Community accepted may be mixed, as surrogacy isn’t a widely accepted practice * Surrogacy is very costly and may affect the parents economically * Social parents may change their mind and leave the baby with the surrogate mother who may not have the adequate resources or family support Carer Relationships: Carers are people who look after the needs and wellbeing of another person due to their age, illness and/or disability. Carers may be paid or unpaid. Many circumstances may be planned and lead to a person requiring care, these included: * A planned pregnancy * Adoption or fostering * Grand parenting * Looking after an aged parent Some circumstances may be unplanned and are unexpected and thus afford fewer preparations: * An unplanned pregnancy * Grand parenting * Health problems * Accident * Birth abnormalities When the caring role has been planned, decision-making will most likely be difficult-especially during initial stages * Both planned and unplanned care may require the primary carer to reallocate household roles Voluntary Carers: * Voluntary carers are unpaid, they are regularly family members (parents, partners, siblings, friends or children) * Carers may undertake the caring role for a few hours a week or all day everyday * Some carers are eligible for government benefits * Voluntary carers are often women, with 71% of primary carers 54% of all carers in Australia being women Paid Carers: Paid carers undertake the role of caring as a form of employment and therefore receive financial payment * Types of paid carers can include: * Family day carer * Nanny * Doctor * Foster carer * Teacher * Nurse * Palliative carer Managing Parenting and Caring Responsibilities: * With effective management strategies, a person is more likely to be able to achieve goals * Physical, social, emotional and economic changes will need to occur during preparations for becoming a parent or carer Physical preparations: Biological Parenting: * Optimise physical health before conception and during pregnancy * Maintain a healthy, balanced diet and develop awareness of special needs during pregnancy * No use of alcohol or tobacco and other drugs * Participate in regular exercise * Attend regular paternal courses to learn about physical and emotional needs during pregnancy and birth * Attend regular appointments with a general practitioner to monitor the baby’s growth and development and undertake ultra sounds and other tests Social Parenting: The physical preparations for social parenting are often similar to the first 4 points of biological parenting Caring: * Participate in regular exercise to maintain optimum physical emotional health * Maintain a healthy, balanced diet to ensure physical needs are met as caring can place a strain on wellbeing * Practise safe lifting skills to assist with the mobility needs of the dependent * Practise how to give an injection or use an oxygen mask * Investig ate and install physical aids in the home, such as railings and ramps Social preparations: Biological Parenting: * Attend prenatal classes to meet others in the same situation- these friendships may continue after delivery * Investigate child friendly social activities in the local area * Locate parenting groups in the community * Organise baby free-time with partner Social Parenting: * Develop relationships with other parents, such as through child’s sport and recreational activities * Locate parenting groups in the local community * Arrange child-free time with partner to develop and maintain own relationship Caring: * Enlist the support of family members Identify necessary support groups, such as carers of people with dementia or cancer * Be aware of support groups, that cater for cultural and language differences * Let close friends know about the situation Emotional preparations: Biological Parenting: * Discuss moods and emotions with partner, family friends * Investigate and practice relationship techniques Social Parenting: * Discuss the concerns, fears and thoughts with the partner and other parents to identify with others and gain insight into possible actions and solutions * Recognise if help is required from a formal or informal support network Caring: Enlist in a support group to deal with varied emotions * Make friends with others in a similar situation-often carers lose touch with family and friends * Grieve for changed personal situation but be aware of potential for depression and sources of help Economic preparations: Biological Parenting: * Plan for financial management; prepare and stick to a budget * Analyse and adjust finances, such as mortgage payments * Investigate maternity and paternity leave and provisions in the workplace * Investigate payments from Centrelink Social Parenting: * These actions are similar to the ones above Caring: Plan for financial management; prepare and stick to a budget * Analyse and adjust finances, such as mortgage payments * Investigate leave provisions in the workplace Factors influencing re source management in the caring relationship: * The values and goals of parents and carers within relationships, such as families, provide the incentive for management and will therefore impact decision-making * Age, skills capabilities and special needs of the dependent will influence both the resources identified by the parent or the carer and the strategies selected to effectively manage their parenting or caring role Age: The age and maturity of the dependent will determine the level of care required * If a child has a disability or illness, it may not be possible to leave them on their own at any time * An aged person may not require care just because they are elderly Skills Capabilities: * Once the dependent has developed a variety of personal skills and capabilities, it will be possible for he or she to contribute to the relationship and management resources * Skills may need to be interchanged or substituted Special Needs: * Special needs can refer to those of the dependent or the carer and can affect what services are needed either temporarily or permanent * Modifications mays be needed for housing in the form of ramps and railings * The parent may have the special needs and the young person is responsible to act as a carer * Services such as Centrelink payments may be required Resources: * The resources that require management and prioritisation most often are time, energy, finance and housing. Access to services such as support networks is vital * Negotiating and using these resources can lead to difficulties in the caring relationship Time: * The personal care of dependents, such as feeding and washing * Developing close relationships * Communicating and sharing activities * Personal pursuits (transporting children to sports training) Energy: * Feeding, changing and playing with infants * Transporting adolescents to leisure activities Shopping and providing house maintenance for an a ged parent * Feeding and lifting a child, such as one with a cerebral palsy Finance: * Finance is required to access many other resources required for parenting and caring such as material goods and formal support networks * Circumstances of the dependent relationship will determine the demands on finances Housing: * Suitable housing is required to meet the needs of the dependent and carer * The family home may require modification Other housing choices can include a hostel or nursing home Access to Services: * Educational: schools and pre schools * Health: doctors, hospitals, early childhood centres * Homecare assistance: Meals on Wheels, home care * Recreational: libraries, sporting clubs and dance groups * Financial: Centrelink * Housing: Department of Housing, nursing homes and hostels, Ronald McDonald houses * Transport: community transport, maxi-taxis * Spiritual: church, synagogues, mosques Management strategies: The actions that will assist when the management of a specific situation is required * Strategies may be utilised together to achieve the desired goal: * Management decisions involve the use of resources to achieve goals * The two most important factors that affect decision-making are the values of the family and the resources available to them * Values determine that goals will be set and resources determine how well the goals will be achieved * Management strategies that are a starting point for action as the need to be applied to situations that are in need of managing: * Identifying values Setting and prioritising goals * Establishing standards * Identifying resources and using them wisely * Maintaining a positive attitude * Encouraging cooperation * Aiming to have flexible attitudes when necessary * Sharing role allocation * Having effective time management * Developing sound planning procedures * Establishing routines * Using a problem-solving approach Recognising ‘change’ not whether it is good or bad Parenting and caring re lationships: Roles in Parenting and caring: * A variety of people play a role of parenting and caring within society. This role is associated with meeting the needs and wellbeing of the individual in care, as well as modelling behaviour that is acceptable to the wider society. Individuals and groups who adopt roles: Parents: Biological and social parents play an important role, the importance of providing love, support and encouragement as well as providing physical needs * Overtime the parenting role is increasingly shared between parents compared to the past as the female taking responsibility of the care of the child at home * Non- custodial parent: the one who may have the child visit on the weekends and holidays parents (divorced/separated parents) Grandparents: * Child-rearing: passing on family traditions and culture * Children develop special affection for and interest in their grandparents * Increase emotional wellbeing, self-esteem, self-confidence * Grandparents may meet the needs of family members by assisting in childcare for their grandchildren * Valuable in providing economic, social emotional support Relatives, including siblings: Members form extended family can provide support to parents by being alternative role models meaning for sporting activities or leisure * Many adolescents take on responsibility for younger siblings baby sitting, transport, cooking Teachers, including childcare staff: * Physical needs providing play activities and encouraging a balanced diet * Intellectual needs teaching skills and knowledge * Social needs providing encouragement and support in learning to work ith others, following school rules and resolving conflict * Cultural needs teaching children about the culture in which the way th ey live, history traditions * Emotional needs developing self-esteem of students through recognition and rewards, as well as teaching resilience and coping skills * Spiritual needs some schools a particular faith is taught and students have the opportunity for prayer, worship and fellowship Paid Carers: The most convenient and expensive form of childcare is a nanny, the child can develop a bond with parents are constantly absent * Carers provide assistance to the aged, chronically ill or disabled Homecare helping with cooking and housework Significant others: * Doctor can provide immunisation and treat illnesses within children or assist with mental health issues * Neighbours and friends may provide practical assistance or occasional care for children if parent needs to run an errand * Social workers improve the socio-emotional wellbeing of a child or dependent by explaining the situation. The assist with the child, dependent, parent or carer to develop strategies to deal with hard situations Significance of gender roles and parenting: * The mothers roles was originally: nurturing and feeding while the father was the provider and the disciplinarian * It has dramatically changed. E. g. fathers can receive paternity leave, to allow the bonding process with his child to begin earlier. Men also participate in more tasks at home to make sure the household functions correctly * Discipline and financial providers are seen as more shared responsibilities in contemporary families Factors influencing parenting and caring relationships: Age: * Age of parents and carers can influence the relationships developed with those in their care * With age comes experience * Older adults may have carefully planned for parenting to occur at a time when finances and relationships are stable * Size of age gap can influence the relationship when the age gap is smaller, closer relationships can develop Culture and religion: Many people are born into a culture which beliefs and customs are passed from one generation to another * Persons culture can be significant influence on nurturing and the development of parenting and caring relationships as sharing culture and belief can be a source of bonding * In the multicultural society conflict can erupt in relationships when cultural norms are different to one another * Adolescence and early adulthood can be a time when people are searching for identity, with religious exploration being a part of the process * Carers need to respect the religion and values of their dependents observant of their faith Education: * The form of education may very from formal schooling to specific courses offered at TAFE. An educated parent or carer is more likely to be aware of support services available and have the confidence to use them * If a carer is formally qualified or has significant experience in caring, the dependent will usually have a higher quality of care offered Gender: * Because of socialisation, people of different genders behave distinctly and this carries through parenting and caring roles * A child’s concept of ‘female’ and ‘male’ develops from observing parents behaviour * Demonstrating flexibility in household responsibilities linked to gender roles, reflects in less conflict and greater cooperation * Expectations of parents hold for their children will influence their interaction with them and the other gender * In caring professions such as nursing, teaching and social welf are majority are females Previous experience and upbringing: If a person comes from a positive family life and experiences this will be repeated for their own children feel more secure and valued and leading to stronger bonds * Negative experiences may lead the parent to reconsider the values from their own experience and upbringing Socioeconomic Status: * Is influenced by the income received, level of education the occupation of the parents * Some parents with high incomes are forced to work longer hours with less involvement in their children’s lives * A lower socioeconomic family enjoys low-cost recreational activities, such as bowling or camping opportunities for effective bonding and communication Media: The media pervades all aspects of life in our society, individuals are exposed to behaviours and opinions that are expressed on television, radio internet * Parenting and caring relationships may emulate interactions in relationships in the media without even realising that they are doing so * Internet websites such as Facebook and MySpace can interrupt with ‘family time’ Style of parenting: Authoritarian: * characterises a demanding and inflexible parent who usually has a preconceived goal to achieve * allow children to put little input into decisions that may affect them * this can result in the child being resentful and distant * ‘My way or the highway’ Democratic: * this style invites all family members to have a say in decisions made * children feel appreciated, especially when their ideas form part of the solution How to cite Cafs Half Yearly Notes, Essay examples

Photography View from the Tent at Pyramid Lake Essay Example For Students

Photography View from the Tent at Pyramid Lake Essay Mark Kletts September 2000 photograph titled View from the Tent at Pyramid Lake is a 2329 3/16 inch photo taken in the linear perspective. In the foreground, we see the inside of the tent where a campers outstretched legs lay upon a mat next to a few supplies. The foreground also displays the walls of the tent on the left and right sides of the image, somewhat of a negative space, with a triangular opening in the center. This opening is filled with the landscape of the lake which occupies the middle ground of the photo. It shows a sandy beach right outside the tent just past the campers toes, still water slightly beyond the beach and the rocky pyramid across the lake. The background is a distant horizon line showing a mountainous Nevada landscape. When observing this photo words such as serene, peaceful, and relaxed come to mind as the person lays inside the tent observing the beautiful nature scene surrounding them. The subject and central focus of this photograph is clearly the landscape of Pyramid Lake. We will write a custom essay on Photography View from the Tent at Pyramid Lake specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We can see the pyramid for which the lake is named centered and almost framed by the edges of the tent, where the lines seem to parallel the edges of the pyramid. This framing gives a strong composition allowing the geometry of nature to be exaggerated and fully emphasized. This pyramid is surrounded by the light blue skies and water creating a beautiful image for the viewer from the inside of the tent. The light gently touching the top of the pyramid gives the photo another element of beauty as the sun illuminates it ever so softly. There is a great amount of depth to this photo created through the use of a pseudo negative space, being the tent walls, along with the mountains in the horizon laid just behind the pyramid. While the photo is not exactly vibrant and exciting, it conveys a beautiful image of a natural setting. The colors in the photo are not intensely saturated rather they are somewhat muted. The most prominent color in this photo is a greyish brown: the sand, the pyramid, and the walls of the tent. Also there are subtle tints of blues, the water and the sky, and a few shades of yellows for highlighting. The color scheme is very simplistic and natural filled with earth tones. This photo has relatively low contrast, the shadows cover most of the photo with the exception of the top of the pyramid where there is a highlight. These value differences imply a setting or rising sun off to the left of the image frame. The person in this artwork would seem to be a free spirit, someone who is comfortable in nature and relaxed. I arrived at this conclusion because of the way he casually lays in the tent gazing upon the lake. His feet are furthest from the camera and crossed in a way that look like he is kicked back and taking in the view. The photographer, geologist Mark Klett, is well known for his Western landscape photographs that speak of the passage of time and its impact on nature. Pyramid Lake, located in Nevada near Lake Tahoe, has a vast history being the remnants of one of North Americas largest lakes during the most recent ice age. Klett has a collection called Third View. In this series, historical landscapes are rephotographed throughout time, Pyramid Lake being one of these landscapes. On the website there are 3 photos of the lake (taken in 1867, 1979 and 2000) that clearly show the deterioration of this lake with the water levels drastically decreasing and becoming more of a barren rocky place. Klett likes to remain aware of the observers participation in the environment, which is why we see the campers legs in the photo. This serves to remind us of our impact on the land and nature around us. .u65077bc91fd4a437151559265fa2005d , .u65077bc91fd4a437151559265fa2005d .postImageUrl , .u65077bc91fd4a437151559265fa2005d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u65077bc91fd4a437151559265fa2005d , .u65077bc91fd4a437151559265fa2005d:hover , .u65077bc91fd4a437151559265fa2005d:visited , .u65077bc91fd4a437151559265fa2005d:active { border:0!important; } .u65077bc91fd4a437151559265fa2005d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u65077bc91fd4a437151559265fa2005d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u65077bc91fd4a437151559265fa2005d:active , .u65077bc91fd4a437151559265fa2005d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u65077bc91fd4a437151559265fa2005d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u65077bc91fd4a437151559265fa2005d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u65077bc91fd4a437151559265fa2005d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u65077bc91fd4a437151559265fa2005d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u65077bc91fd4a437151559265fa2005d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u65077bc91fd4a437151559265fa2005d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u65077bc91fd4a437151559265fa2005d .u65077bc91fd4a437151559265fa2005d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u65077bc91fd4a437151559265fa2005d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Greasy Lake Essay SymbolismI believe that Klett is trying to convey the profound effect we have had on the changes that have occurred at this lake throughout time, what was once the deepest part of a vast lake is now a small reminder of what was once there. If I could speak to Klett, I would be curious to know if this photo was planned or just spur of the moment beauty. To me, it seems as if he had been photographing for his Third View collection, also done in 2000, and just snapped this particular photo while laying down after a days work. Beyond this piece, I would be very curious about what inspired him to do all of the rephotographing. It intrigued me that he goes back and recreated old landscape photographs down to the specific camera angles, this seems like a very unique and interesting technique that gives a lot more value to these older and newer photographs by providing the comparisons. In the early 2000s when this photograph was taken, there was a social push towards going green ? and considering our effects as a society on our planet and the nature around us, commonly known as our carbon footprint. After years of industrialization and growth, we as a society took a step back and started to realize how immensely our actions change and effect our planet. This is exactly what is meant by View from the Tent on Pyramid Lake. The camper in the photo is sitting back and observing and appreciating the natural landscape. But beyond appreciation we must be aware of preservation, upon discovery about the lakes history we can clearly distinguish how we have affected this specific place through time. The photo View from the Tent at Pyramid Lake conveys a strong message about the interaction between humans and nature. Through the use of a linear perspective in combination with other techniques, such as photographic composition and utilization of depth, the photo gives a dynamic yet simplistically beautiful depiction of Pyramid Lake. The implication of our role in nature is evident and clear by the context in which the photo was taken. We gain not only a great feeling from gazing upon this photo, but we are given some food for thought to take with us. Works Cited Center for Creative Photography.   Mark Klett. University of Arizona, n.d. Web. 04 Mar. 2014. Longmire, Stephen. MARK KLETT: Mark Klett, Photography, and the Reinvention of Landscape   (2001).   Since 2008 AMERICAN SUBURB X Art Photography and Culture That Matters. N.p., n.d. Web. 04 Mar. 2014.  . Pace/MacGill Gallery | Details Page for Individual Art Works.   Pace/MacGill Gallery | Details Page for Individual Art Works. N.p., n.d. Web. 04 Mar. 2014. Poon, Johnny. Third View Rephotographs Navigation Map.   Third View Rephotographs Navigation Map. Anderson Ranch Arts Center, n.d. Web. 04 Mar. 2014.

Professionalism in Workplace free essay sample

The purpose of this workshop is to reinforce best practices as well as key concepts and skills that create a professional team and work environment. Objective At the end of this course, each participant will: 1. Have a clear understanding of the qualities of a professional person 2. Understand how to develop superior job performance 3. Have a thorough understanding of Organization standards for professionalism in the workplace 4. Have an increased skill level in the area of professional communication 5. Understand the importance of perception management Contents 1. Introduction and Overview 2. Superior Job Performance 3. Skillful Communication 4. Successful Perception Management 5. Summary and Conclusion Speakers The following names are the speakers in the Professionalism in the Workplace Seminar. †¢Mr. Anthony Villarina †¢Mr. Arnulfo Almeniana †¢Ms. Avon Pearl Amores Emcee †¢Ms. Annalyn Manero †¢Mr. Erwin Sario Organizers †¢Arnulfo A. Almeniana †¢Pearl Avon S. Amores †¢Henmar C. Cardino †¢Joanne A. Garcia †¢Annalyn R. Manero †¢Sybil Q. Ortguesa †¢Erwin B. Sario †¢Veron Angeli R. We will write a custom essay sample on Professionalism in Workplace or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Trinidad †¢Anthony G. Villarina â€Å"PROFFESIONALISM IN THE WORKPLACE† PROFESSIONALISM â€Å"The conduct, aims, or qualities that characterize or mark a profession or a professional person. † 1. SUPERIOR JOB PERFORMANCE begins with seeing yourself and the services you provide as important †¢It is your job to exceed customer expectations! †¢Handling complaints is a skill that all professionals must develop into an art. Tips for effectively handling customer complaints: 1. Listen 2. Understand 3. Apologize 4. Take responsibility 5. Act 6. Follow up 2. SKILLFUL COMMUNICATION -one of the key attributes of all professionals A. Verbal -remain open -listen for content rather than style -look at the other clues to meaning -maintain eye contact B. Vocal -Choose your words carefully -Avoid slang and profanity -Improve your vocabulary -Focus on positive statements C. Non-verbal -Get some feedback -Groom yourself carefully -Correct your posture -Be careful of offensive gestures 3. PERCEPTION MANAGEMENT – perception = reality Tips for effectively handling customer complaints: 1. Watch your words 2. Produce quality work Maintain a positive attitude â€Å"PERSONALITY DISORDERS† Sunday, 6th of May, 2012 8:00 am – 12:00 nn PUP-Graduate School, M. H. Del Pilar Campus, Valencia St. , Sta. Mesa, Manila The seminar is organized by Clinical Psychology Group. Target attendees for this Seminar are the Graduate School Students. Purpose The purpose of this seminar is to enlighten and broaden the knowledge of the MP students about the Personality Disorders. To be familiarized with its signs and symptoms as well as its diagnosis and prognosis, treatment such as psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy. Objective At the end of this course, each participant will: 1. Have a clear understanding of the different kinds of personality disorders. 2. To distinguished one personality disorders from the other. 3. To understand and help people with personality disorders, so they can cope with their day to day living. 4. To let them recognized and accept their personality disorders as well as the necessary treatment. 5. To know and realize all the pain and sufferings they went through in dealing with their personality disorders. Contents 1. Introduction and Overview 2. Classifications of Personality Disorders Cluster A, B and C. 3. Etiology Psychoanalytic Factors 4. Epidemiology Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis, Course and Prognosis 5. Clinical Features and Treatments. Resource Persons The following names are the speakers in the â€Å"Personality Disorders† Seminar. †¢Ms. Ivy Marie B. Paulete †¢Mr. Joseph J. Cando †¢Ms. Tschaine Cristine C. Cac †¢Mr. Juno C. Bautista Emcee †¢Ms. Cherry Mae Esios †¢Mr. Alexander Prudente Organizer †¢Josephine L. Abdon †¢Juno C. Bautista †¢Tschaine Cristine C. Cac †¢Joseph J. Cando †¢Cherry Mae D. Esios †¢Ivy Marie B. Paulete †¢Alexander B. Prudente Jr. PERSONALITY DISORDER An Introduction Ivy Marie B. Paulete What is Personality Disorder? According to Diagnostic Statistic Manual (4th Edition) Personality disorder (PD) is defined as an enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates markedly from the expectations of individual and culture. DSM-IV: Five Criteria CRITERION A: this pattern must be manifested in at least two of the ff. areas: cognition, affectivity, interpersonal functioning, or impulse control. CRITERION B: the enduring pattern must be inflexible and pervasive across a broad range of personal and social situations. CRITERION C: the pattern leads to clinically significant distress or impairment functioning. CRITERION D: the pattern is stable and of long duration and its onset can be tracked back at least to adolescence or early adulthood. CRITERION E: the pattern is not better accounted for as a manifestation or consequence of another mental disorder Categories of PD CLUSTER A: people with this disorder seem odd or eccentric, with unusual behavior ranging from distrust and suspiciousness to social detachment. Sub-categories: Paranoid Personality Disorder Schizoid Personality Disorder Schizotypal Personality Disorder CLUSTER B: individual with these disorder share tendency to be dramatic, emotional, and erratic Sub-categories: Histrionic PD Narcissistic PD Anti-Social PD Borderline PD CLUSTER C: anxiety and fearfulness are common to them Sub-categories: Avoidant PD Dependent PD Obsessive-Compulsive PD Etiology of PD? GENETIC FACTORS †¢Cluster A are more common in the biological relatives of patients with schizophrenia than in control groups. †¢Cluster B are genetic based but usually accompanied with mood, alcohol use, somatization (Briquet’s Syndrome) disorders †¢Cluster C are more common to monozygotic twin than dizygotic twin. It is also accompanied with depression short rapid eye movement (REM) latency period and abnormal dexamethasone-suppression test (DST) reults. BIOLOGICAL FACTORS †¢Hormones. High levels of testosterone, 17-estradiol, and estrone exhibit impulsive traits. †¢Platelet Monoamine Oxidase. Low (MOA) level exhibits having more time in social activities and accompanied with schizotypal disorder than the high (MOA). †¢Smooth Pursuit Eye Movement. Appears to person who are introverted, has low self-esteem, and withdrawn personality. †¢Electrophysiology. Slow wave in electrocephalogram exhibits anti-social and borderline disorders. †¢Neurotransmitters. a. High level of serotonin reduces depression, impulsiveness, and rumination, and a general good sense of well-being. b. low level of serotonin increases suicidal attempts, aggressive and impulsive behaviors.  c. Increase Dopamine in the CNS can induce euphoria. d. High endogenous endorphin levels may be associated with persons who are phelgmatic (insensible and no arousal). e. Endorphins have effects to exogenous morphine, such as analgesia and suppression of arousal. PSYCHOANALYTIC FACTORS Sigmund Freud stated that personality disorder occurs when there is a fixation in the psychosexual stage of development . Wilhelm Reich claims the personality disorder is characterized by their defense mechanism such as Paranoid PD use projection while Schizoid PD use withdrawal. When Defense Mechanism works effectively, persons with personality disorder masters the feeling of anxiety, depression, anger, shame, guilt, etc.. They intend to be reluctant to treatment process because their defense are important in controlling unpleasant affects, they are not interested in surrendering them. Common Types of Defense Mechanism †¢Fantasy. Satisfaction within themselves by creating imaginary lives. †¢Dissociation. Replacement of unpleasant affects within pleasant ones. †¢Isolation. Shows intensified self-reliant, overly formal social behavior, and obstinacy. †¢Projection. Attribution of unacknowledged feelings to others. †¢Splitting. Feelings are ambivalent are divided into good and bad. †¢Passive Aggression. Turns their anger against themselves. †¢Acting Out. Expresses unconscious wishes or conflicts through action to avoid being conscious of either the accompanying idea or the affect. AVOIDANT PERSONALITY DISORDER Tschaine Cristine Cac, RND Famous Persons with Avoidant Personality Disorder †¢Emily Dickinson †¢Diana Willson Outline †¢Definition of Avoidant Personality Disorder †¢Epidemilogy †¢DSM-IV-TR Criteria for Avoidant Personality Disorder (AvPD) †¢Clinical Features †¢Differential Diagnosis †¢Course and Prognosis †¢Psychotherapy †¢Pharmacotherapy AVOIDANT PERSONALITY DISORDER †¢Avoidant personality disorder is a mental health condition in which a person has a lifelong pattern of feeling very shy, inadequate, and sensitive to rejection. EPIDEMIOLOGY †¢Avoidant personality disorder has been reported to have lifetime prevalence rates of 1. 1% (Maier et al. 1992) and 1. 3% (Zimmerman and Coryell 1990), considerably lower than the 13. 3% for the related social anxiety disorder reported by Kessler and colleagues (1994) in the National Comorbidity Study. DSM-IV-TR Criteria for Avoidant Personality Disorder (AvPD) †¢A pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts, as indicated by four (or more) of the following: †¢Is unwilling to get involved with people unless certain of being liked. †¢Avoids occupational activities that involve significant interpersonal contact, because of fears of criticism, disapproval, or rejection. †¢Shows restraint initiating intimate relationships because of the fear of being ashamed, ridiculed, or rejected due to severe low self-worth. †¢Is preoccupied with being criticized or rejected in social situations. †¢Is inhibited in new interpersonal situations because of feelings of inadequacy. †¢Views self as socially inept, personally unappealing, or inferior to others †¢Is unusually reluctant to take personal risks or to engage in any new activities because they may prove embarrassing. Clinical Features †¢Hypersensitivity to rejection by others. †¢Patients main personality trait is timidity. †¢These persons desire warmth and security of human companionship, but justify their avoidance of relationships by their alleged fear of rejection. †¢They are afraid to speak up in public or to make requests of others. †¢They are apt to misinterpret other persons’ comments as derogatory or ridiculing. †¢They rarely attain much personal advancement or exercise much authority, but seem shy and eager to please. †¢These persons are generally unwilling to enter relationships unless they are an unusually strong guarantee of uncritical acceptance. †¢They often have no close friends. Differential Diagnosis †¢Patients with APD desire social interaction, unlike with schizoid personality disorder, who want to be alone. †¢Patients with APD are not as demanding, irritable or unpredictable as those with BPD and HPD. †¢APD and dependent personality disorder are similar. †¢Patients with DPD are presumed to have greater fear of being abandoned or unloved than those with APD, but the clinical picture may be indistinguishable. Course and Prognosis †¢A therapist must convey an accepting attitude toward the patient’s fears, especially the fear of rejection. †¢Therapist eventually encourages a patient to move out into the world to take what are perceived as great risks of humiliation, rejection and failure. †¢Group therapy may help patients understand how their sensitivity to rejection affects them and others. †¢Assertiveness training is a form of behavior therapy that may teach patients to express their needs openly and to enlarge their self-esteem. Pharmacotherapy †¢Some patients are helped by ? -adrenergic receptor antagonists, such as atenolol (Tenormin), to manage autonomic nervous system hyperactivity, which tends to be high in patients with APD. †¢Serotonergic agents may help rejection sensitivity. †¢Dopaminergic drugs might engender novelty-seeking behavior. BORDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER Tschaine Cristine C. Cac, RND Famous People with Borderline Personality Disorder Princess Diana Adolph Hitler Definition of Terms Affect- feeling or emotion, especially as manifested by facial expression or body language Dysphoria- an emotional state characterized by anxiety, depression, or unease Neurosis- a disorder in which anxiety, obsessional thoughts, compulsive acts, etc. dominate the personality Paranoid Ideation or Paranoia- having beliefs that you are being harassed or persecuted, or beliefs involving general suspiciousness about others motives or intent. Psychosis- a severe mental disorder characterized by symptoms, as delusions or hallucinations, that indicate impaired contact with reality Rem latency- after a person falls asleep, the amount of time it takes for the first onset of REM sleep Thyrotropin-releasing hormone- a hormone secreted by the hypothalamus that stimulates release of thyrotropin Thyrotropin-promotes the growth of the thyroid gland in the neck and stimulates it to produce more thyroid hormones MAOIs-Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAO inhibitors) are medicines that relieve certain types of mental depression Outline †¢Definition of Borderline Personality Disorder †¢Epidemiology †¢DSM-IV-TR Criteria for Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) †¢Clinical Features †¢Differential Diagnosis †¢Course and Prognosis †¢Psychotherapy †¢Pharmacotherapy Borderline Personality Disorder The patients stand on the border between neurosis and psychosis. Characterized by extraordinary unstable affect, mood, behavior, object relations and self-image. Also been called ambulatory schizophrenia, pseudoneurotic schizophrenia, psychotic character disorder and emotionally unstable personality disorder EPIDEMIOLOGY †¢Thought to be present in about 1 to 2% of the population. †¢Twice as common in women as in men. †¢An increased prevalence of major depressive disorder, alcohol use disorders substance abuse is found in first-degree relatives of persons with borderline personality disorder. DSM-IV-TR Diagnostic Criteria For Borderline Personality Disorder 1. A pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, and affects, and marked impulsitivity beginning by early adulthood and present in variety of contexts, as indicated by five (or more) of the following: Frantic efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment 2. A pattern of unstable and intense interpersonal relationships characterized by alternating between extremes of idealization and devaluation. 3. Identity disturbance: markedly and persistently unstable self-image or sense of self 4. Impulsivity in at least two areas that are potentially self-damaging (e. g. , spending, sex, sibstance abuse, reckless driving, binge eating). 5. Recurrent suicidal behavior, gestures, or threats or self-mutilating behavior. 6. Affective instability due to a marked reactivity of mood (e. g. , intense episodic dysporia, irritability or anxiety usually lasting a few hours and only rarely more than a few days) 7. Chronic feelings of emptiness 8. Inappropriate, intense anger or difficulty controlling anger ( e. g. , frequent displays of temper, constant anger, recurrent physical fights) 9. Transient, stress-related paranoid ideation or severe dissociative symptoms. DIAGNOSIS Biological studies may aid in the diagnosis; in some patients show shortened REM latency and sleep continuity disturbances, abnormal DST results and abnormal thyrotropin-releasing hormone test results. Clinical Features Micropsychotic episodes(short- lived) Psychotic symptoms are always circumscribed, fleeting or doubtful. Unstable interpersonal relationships Affective distress Marked impulsivity Unstable self-image Repetitive self- destructive acts Manipulative suicide attempts Negative emotional states specific to BPD fall into four categories: †¢destructive or self-destructive feelings; †¢extreme feelings in general; †¢feelings of fragmentation or lack of identity; †¢feelings of victimization †¢Differential Diagnosis †¢Differentiated from schizophrenia on the basis that the patient with BPD lacks prolonged psychotic episodes, thought disorder and classic  schizophrenic signs. †¢Patients with schizotypal personality disorder show marked peculiarities of thinking, strange ideation and recurrent ideas of reference. Those with paranoid personality disorder are marked by extreme suspiciousness. Patients with BPD generally have chronic feelings of emptiness and short-lived psychotic episodes; they act impulsively and demand extraordinary relationships; they may mutilat e themselves and make manipulative suicide attempts. Course and Prognosis †¢BPD is fairly stable; patients change little overtime. †¢The diagnosis is usually made before the age of 40, when patients are attempting to make occupational, marital and other choices and are unable to deal with the normal stages of the life cycle. †¢Common Features of Recommended Psychotherapy for BPD †¢Therapy is not expected to be brief. †¢A strong helping relationship develops between patient and therapist. †¢Clear roles and responsibilities of patient and therapist are established. †¢Therapist is active and directive, not a passive listener. †¢Patient and therapist mutually develop a hierarchy of priorities. Therapist conveys empathic validation plus the need for patient to control his/her behavior. Flexibility is needed as new circumstances, including stresses, develop. Limit setting, preferably mutually agreed upon, is used. Concomitant individual and group approaches are used. PHARMACOTHERAPY Antipsychotics have been used to control anger, hostility and brief psychotic episodes. Antidepressants improve the depressed mood common in patients with BPD. The MAO inhibitors have successfully modulated impulsive behavior in some patients. Benzodiazepines, particularly alprazolam(Xanax) help anxiety and depression. Anticonvulsants, such as carbamazepine, may improve global functioning for some patients. Serotonergic agents such as selective serotoni reuptake inhibitors(SSRIs) have been helpful in some cases. HISTRIONIC PERSONALITY DISORDER Tschaine Cristine C. Cac, RND Epidemiology †¢Prevalence of about 2 to 3 percent( DSM-IV-TR) †¢Rates of about 10 to 15% have been reported in inpatient and outpatient mental health settings when structured assessment is used. †¢Diagnosed more frequently in women than in men. †¢Some studies have found association with somatization disorder and alcoholic use disorders. DSM-IV-TR Diagnostic Criteria for Histrionic Personality Disorder †¢A pervasive pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts, as indicated by five (or more) of the following: †¢is uncomfortable in situations in which he or she is not the center of attention †¢interaction with others is often characterized by inappropriate sexually seductive or provocative behavior †¢displays rapidly shifting and shallow expression of emotions †¢consistently uses physical appearance to draw attention to self †¢has a style of speech that is excessively impressionistic and lacking in detail †¢shows self-dramatization, theatricality, and exaggerated expression of emotion †¢is suggestible, i. e. , easily influenced by others or circumstances †¢considers relationships to be more intimate than they actually are. †¢Clinical Features †¢High degree of attention-seeking behavior à ¢â‚¬ ¢Exaggerate their thoughts and feelings †¢Display temper tantrums, tears and accusations when they are not the center of attention or are not receiving praise or approval †¢Seductive behavior is common in both sexes. †¢Sexual fantasies about persons with whom patients are involved are common. †¢Patients may have a psychosexual dysfunction; women may be an orgasmic, and men may be impotent. Their need for reassurance is endless. †¢Relationships tend to be superficial and they can be vain, self-absorb and fickle. †¢Strong dependence needs make them overly trusting and gullible. †¢They are unaware of their true feelings and cannot explain their motivations. †¢Differential Diagnosis †¢Somatization disorder (Briquet’s syndrome) may occur in conjunction with HPD. †¢Patients with brief psychotic disorder and dissociative disorders may warrant a coexisting diagnosis of HPD. †¢In BPD, suicide attempts, identity diffusion and brief psychotic episodes are more likely. Although both conditions may be diagnosed in the same patient, clinicians should separate the two. Course and Prognosis †¢With age, persons with HPD show fewer symptoms, but because they lack the energy of earlier years, the difference in number of symptoms may be more apparent than real. †¢Persons with this disorder are sensation seekers, and they may get into trouble with the law, abuse substances and act promiscuously. Psychotherapy †¢Clarification of their inner feelings are important because they are often unaware of their own real feelings. †¢Psycho-analytically oriented psychotherapy, whether group or individual, is probably the treatment. Pharmacotherapy †¢Antidepressants for depression and somatic complaints †¢Anti-anxiety agents for anxiety †¢Antipsychotics for derealization and illusions. NARCISSISTIC PERSONALITY DISORDER Tschaine Cristine C. Cac, RND Famous Person with Narcissistic Personality Disorder †¢Elvis Presley †¢Barbara Streisand Outline †¢Definition of Narcissistic Personality Disorder †¢Epidemiology †¢DSM-IV-TR Criteria for Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) †¢Clinical Features †¢Differential Diagnosis †¢Course and Prognosis †¢Psychotherapy †¢Pharmacotherapy Narcissistic Personality Disorder †¢Characterized by a heightened sense of self-importance and grandiose feelings of uniqueness. †¢Epidemiology †¢DSM-IV-TR, estimates of the prevalence of NPD range from 2 to 16%in the clinical population. †¢Persons with the disorder may impart an unrealistic sense of omnipotence, grandiosity, beauty and talent to their children; thus offspring of such parents may have a higher than usual risk for developing the disorder themselves. †¢Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders †¢A pervasive pattern of grandiosity (in fantasy or behavior), need for admiration, and lack of empathy, beginning early adulthood and present in variety of context, as indicated by five( or more) of the following: †¢Has grandiose sense of self-importance †¢Believes that he or she is special and unique and can only be understood by, or should associate with, other special or high-status people( or institutions) †¢Is preoccupied with fantasies of unlimited success, power, brilliance, beauty or ideal love †¢Requires excessive admiration †¢Has a sense of entitlement, i. e. , unreasonable expectations of especially favorable treatment or automatic compliance with his or her expectations †¢Is interpersonally exploitative, i. e. , takes advantage of others to achieve his or her own ends †¢Lacks empathy: unwilling to recognize or identify with the feelings of others †¢Is often envious of others or believes that others are envious of him or her †¢Shows arrogant, haughty behavior or attitudes Clinical Features †¢Grandiose sense of self-importance †¢Consider themselves special and expect special treatment †¢Handle criticism poorly †¢Frequently ambitious to achieve fame and fortune †¢Their relationships are fragile and they can make others furious y their refusal to obey conventional rules of behavior. †¢They cannot show empathy and hey feign sympathy only to achieve their own selfish ends. Susceptible to depression Interpersonal difficulties, occupational problems, rejection and loss are among the stresses that narcissists commonly produce by their behavior -stresses they are least able to handle. Differential Diagnosis †¢Borderline, histrionic and antisocial personality disorders often accompany NPD, so a differential diagnosis is difficult. †¢Patients with NPD have less anxiety than those with BPD; their life tends to be less chaotic, and less likely to attempt suicide. †¢Patients with antisocial personality disorder have a history of impulsive behavior, often associated with alcohol or other substance abuse. †¢Patients with HPD show features of exhibitionism and interpersonal manipulativeness that resemble those of patients with NPD. Course and Prognosis NPD is chronic and difficult to treat. Aging is handled poorly; patients value beauty, strength and youthful attributes, to which they cling inappropriately. They may be more vulnerable, therefore, to midlife crises than are other groups. Psychotherapy Psychiatrists such as Kernberg and Heinz have advocated using psychoanalytic approaches to effect change. Some clinicians advocate group therapy for the patients so they can learn how to share with others and, under ideal circumstances, can develop an empathic response to others. Pharmacotherapy †¢Lithium( Eskalith) has been used with mood swings. †¢Antidepressants and serotonergic drugs for depression â€Å"PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT: YOUR PERSONALITY IS THE KEY FOR YOUR SUCCESS† Sunday, 13th of May, 2012 8:00 am – 12:00 nn PUP-Graduate School, M. H. Del Pilar Campus, Valencia St. , Sta. Mesa, Manila The seminar is organized by Clinical / Industrial Psychology Group. Target attendees for this Seminar are the Graduate School Students. Purpose The purpose of this seminar is to encourage each and every one of us to enhance, develop and improve our personality to use it in our career development. Objective At the end of this course, each participant will: 1. Have a clearer view of their personality. 2. To adapt the positive mental attitude. 3. To eliminate those attitudes that is not needed for their developmental growth. 4. To know that they are always part of the team. 5. To bear in mind that success is not done immediately, it takes a lot of time, effort, patience and being optimistic in life. Contents 6. Introduction and Overview 7. Discussion 8. First part: Developing a Positive Work Attitude. 9. Second part: 10 Enemies of Greatness 10. Personality Development further Discussion. Resource Person The name of the keynote speaker in â€Å"Personality Development: Your Personality is the Key for your Success† Seminar. †¢Mr. Darwin B. Rivers Organizers †¢Josephine L. Abdon †¢Arnulfo A. Almeniana †¢Pearl Avon S. Amores †¢Juno C. Bautista †¢Tschaine Cristine C. Cac †¢Joseph J. Cando †¢Henmar C. Cardino †¢Cherry Mae D. Esios †¢Joanne A. Garcia †¢Annalyn R. Manero †¢Sybil Q. Ortguesa †¢Erwin B. Sario †¢Veron Angeli R. Trinidad †¢Ivy Marie B. Paulete †¢Alexander B. Prudente Jr. †¢Anthony G. Villarina DEVELOPING A POSITIVE WORK ATTITUDE Darwin B. Rivers INTRODUCTION: Where negativity exists in a workplace, people are quick to blame each other and feel a sense of injustice. With a negative attitude, you are less likely to be accountable and reliable. A positive attitude will enable you to take risks, innovate, communicate, have confidence and create a better workplace. This means you are more productive and achieve more. OBJECTIVES: †¢ Define What is an Attitude? †¢ Define What is a Work Attitude? †¢ Define What does Positive Work Attitude means? †¢ Learn the Different Positive Work Attitude Equations †¢ Describe How to Develop a Positive Work Attitude †¢ Know the Importance of having a Positive Work Attitude †¢Benefits of having a Positive Work Attitude †¢ Achieving a Positive Work Attitude ATTITUDE †¢What is an Attitude? †¢An attitude is a favorable or unfavorable evaluation of something. Attitudes are generally positive or negative views of a person, place, thing, or event this is often referred to as the attitude object. People can also be conflicted or ambivalent toward an object, meaning that they simultaneously possess both positive and negative attitudes toward the item in question. (Wikipedia) †¢Carl Gustav Jung – a well known psychiatrist and founder of analytical psychology defines attitude as a readiness of the psyche to act or react in a certain wayâ€Å" (Chapter XI of Psychological Types) TYPES OF ATTITUDES Within Jung’s broad definition he defines several attitudes. 1. Consciousness and the Unconscious The presence of two attitudes is extremely frequent, one conscious and the other unconscious. This means that consciousness has a constellation of contents different from that of the unconscious, a duality particularly evident in neurosis (Jung, [1921] 1971: par. 687). 2. Extraversion and introversion -This pair is so elementary to Jungs theory of types that he labeled them the attitude-types. 3. Rational and Irrational attitudes. I conceive reason as an attitude (Jung, [1921] 1971: par. 785). †¢ATTITUDE †¢The rational attitude subdivides into the thinking and feeling psychological functions, each with its attitude. †¢ The irrational attitude subdivides into the sensing and intuition psychological functions, each with its attitude. There is thus a typical thinking, feeling, sensation, and intuitive attitude (Jung, [1921] 1971: par. 691). 4. Individual and social attitudes. Many of the latter are ismsâ€Å" 5. Abstract attitude – IT is a type of cognitive functioning that includes assuming a mental set voluntarily; shifting voluntarily from a specific aspect of a situation to the general; keeping in mind simultaneously various aspects of a situation; grasping the essentials of a whole, and breaking it into its parts and isolating them voluntarily; planning ahead ideationally; and/or thinking or performing symbolically. ATTITUDE †¢A characteristic of many psychiatric disorders is the person’s inability to assume the abstract attitude or to shift readily from the concrete to the abstract and back again as demanded by circumstances. 6. Concretism – It means a peculiarity of thinking and feeling which is the antithesis of abstraction† (Jung, [1921] 1971: par. 696). †¢For example: I hate his attitude for being Sarcastic. †¢WORK ATTITUDES: TWO TYPES 1. Work Attitude Behavior †¢WAB refers to the ‘feel’ part of your work. It relates to how you feel about your work and your approach towards work. Hence, work attitude behavior is intangible. You cannot see it. Your colleagues cannot see it. But people can feel it. People whom you work with can feel your work attitude behavior. †¢Your Colleagues â€Å"knows† it if you carry out your tasks with pride. They can feel whether you belief in your work or not. They know if you have passion in your work. †¢WORK ATTITUDES: TWO TYPES 2. Work Behavior Attitude †¢WBA refers to the ‘do’ part of your work. It relates to how you do your work and how you get your work done. Work behavior attitude can be seen. It is the actual work. You can see the result of your work behavior attitude be it a report or a finished good. Your colleagues can see it. It is the action. †¢They can see if you worked hard. They can see if you do your work with skills and applied the knowledge you know into the work. They can see for themselves if you are the all talk and no work type. †¢WORK ATTITUDES †¢Work attitudes are also the feelings we have toward different aspects of the work environment. Job satisfaction and organizational commitment are two key attitudes that are the most relevant to important outcomes. †¢In addition to personality and fit with the organization, work attitudes are influenced by the characteristics of the job, perceptions of organizational justice and the psychological contract, relationships with coworkers and managers, and the stress levels experienced on the job. †¢FACT: †¢Institutions such as Gallup or the Society for Human Resource Management (SHRM) periodically conduct studies of job satisfaction to track how satisfied employees are at work. †¢According to a recent Gallup survey, 90% of the employees surveyed said that they were at least somewhat satisfied with their jobs. A recent SHRM study revealed 40% who were very satisfied. †¢QUESTION: †¢Have you recently had a bad day? †¢How could that day been better? †¢Has another person’s bad day had a reflection on your day? †¢How would a person having a bad day effect the attitude of a work place? POSITIVE WORK ATTITUDE †¢What is a Positive Work Attitude? A â€Å"positive work attitude is an attitude about working. It is often used to refer to someone who has positive outlook and behavior at work. It also refers to someone possessing good work values and ethics in the work place. †¢POSITIVE WORK ATT